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Childhood Trauma: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment Options

childhood trauma

Childhood trauma can have a lasting impact on a person's life. It is an unfortunate reality that many children face, and it can take many different forms. Whether it's physical or emotional, the effects it holds can be far-reaching and long-lasting.

However, it is essential to know that various treatment options exist to overcome and deal with traumatic experiences. With the right trauma therapy and support, you or someone you love can learn to overcome these devastating emotions and lead a happy, healthy life. 

So let's begin this journey towards healing by understanding what childhood trauma feels like firsthand.

What is Childhood Trauma?

Childhood trauma refers to any experience that a child perceives as profoundly distressing or disturbing, often beyond their ability to cope. This can include physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, neglect, or witnessing violence or other past traumatic events. The experience of childhood trauma can significantly affect a person's physical, emotional, and psychological development. 

Childhood trauma can impact their relationships, behavior, and overall well-being. It's important to note that the effects of childhood trauma can vary depending on the individual and the nature and severity of the experience, but seeking support and treatment can be vital in addressing the impact of trauma and promoting healing.

Types of Childhood Trauma

Types-Of-Childhood-Trauma

Childhood trauma can take many different forms, and it's important to understand the various types in order to identify and address the impact of trauma on an individual. Here are six examples of childhood trauma:

  • Physical abuse: This involves any form of physical harm inflicted on a child, such as hitting, punching, kicking, or burning.
  • Sexual abuse: This refers to any sexual activity or behavior that a child is unable to fully comprehend or consent to, including touching, fondling, or rape.
  • Psychological or Emotional abuse: This involves any behavior that harms a child's self-worth or emotional well-being, such as belittling, humiliation, or constant criticism.
  • Neglect: This includes a failure to provide a child with basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, and medical care, as well as emotional support and supervision.
  • Domestic violence: This occurs when a child witnesses or is exposed to violence between adults, such as a parent or caregiver.
  • Separation or loss: This includes experiences such as parental divorce or separation, the death of a loved one, or placement in foster care.

It's important to note that these types of childhood trauma can overlap or co-occur and that the effects of trauma can vary depending on the individual and the nature and severity of the experience. Seeking support and treatment can help individuals to address the impact of childhood trauma and promote healing.

Childhood trauma can lead to complex PTSD (cPTSD) in adults. This is a complicated condition that is still being researched, but healing from childhood trauma and cPTSD is possible.

Effects of Childhood Trauma

Childhood trauma can have a wide range of adverse effects on a child’s development and their well-being as adults. Here are some of the common adverse causes of childhood trauma:

  • Mental health issues: Children who experience trauma may be at increased risk of developing mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • Physical health problems: Childhood trauma can also lead to physical health problems such as chronic pain, gastrointestinal issues, and autoimmune disorders. Studies show that childhood trauma increases the risk for 7 out of 10 leading causes of death in adults, including heart disease and cancer. 
  • Behavioral problems: Children who experience trauma may exhibit behavioral problems such as aggression, self-harm, substance abuse, and risky sexual behavior.
  • Relationship difficulties: Trauma can impact a child's ability to form and maintain healthy relationships, which can have long-term effects on their social and emotional well-being.
  • Cognitive and academic problems: Trauma can also impact a child's cognitive development, including their ability to learn, concentrate, and process information, which can lead to academic problems.

It's important to note that the effects of childhood trauma can vary depending on the individual and the nature and severity of the experience and that individual protective factors can lessen some of the adverse effects. Seeking support and treatment for trauma can help to address the adverse effects of childhood trauma and promote healing.

childhood trauma in adults

Childhood Trauma in Adults

childhood trauma ptsd

Childhood trauma refers to experiences that a child has that are emotionally or physically distressing and can have long-term effects on their mental health and well-being. Unfortunately, many adults who have experienced childhood trauma may not be aware of its lasting effects on their mental health. Here are some signs and symptoms that may indicate childhood trauma in adults:

  • Anxiety and Depression: Adults who experience childhood trauma may be more likely to develop anxiety and depression symptoms later in life. They may experience intense worry, fear, or sadness, which can interfere with their ability to function in daily life.
  • Self-Esteem Issues: Adults who experience childhood trauma may struggle with low self-esteem or self-worth and feel they do not deserve love or respect.
  • Difficulty with Trust: Childhood trauma can make it difficult for adults to trust others, leading to problems with forming and maintaining healthy relationships. Trust issues in relationships can lead to difficulties in both the individual's mental health.
  • Substance Abuse: Individuals who have struggled with past traumas or childhood trauma are seen as more likely to use drugs or alcohol to cope with the emotional pain and distress they are experiencing just to find relief from the intense effect trauma can have on them.
  • Avoidance Behaviors: Some adults struggling with childhood trauma may engage in avoidance behaviors, such as avoiding certain people, places, or situations that trigger traumatic memories.
  • Flashbacks and Nightmares: Flashbacks and nightmares are common symptoms of PTSD, a condition that can develop after experiencing a traumatic event. Adults who experienced childhood trauma may be at increased risk for developing PTSD.
  • Chronic Health Issues: Childhood trauma can have physical effects on the body, and adults who experienced childhood trauma may be more likely to develop chronic health issues such as autoimmune disorders or chronic pain.
  • Emotional Regulation Issues: Individuals who experience childhood trauma may struggle with regulating their emotions, leading to outbursts of anger or other emotional dysregulation. They might not be able to take control of their emotions as actively as others.

If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, it may be a sign of childhood trauma. It is always advised to address any such issues related to past trauma or any other challenges to an experienced trauma counselor or therapist who can guide you and provide you with the right tools and support to manage and ultimately overcome childhood trauma. 

Does childhood trauma ever go away?

Childhood trauma rarely goes away on its own. Both adults and children who have suffered from child abuse need the help of a medical health professional, such as a psychiatrist, therapist, social worker, community health leader, or coach. The treatment modality they choose can vary based on their needs: meditation has been shown to have tremendous positive effects for survivors of childhood trauma, but not everyone can sit and meditate for long periods of time. Others find healing through EMDR or scientific methods. Others may turn to talk therapy and support groups.

Whatever you choose, choose a mental health professional who specializes in childhood trauma. Childhood trauma can become deeply ingrained into our memories, reactions, and emotions. Healing from it can take time. 

How quickly you heal from childhood trauma will depend on: 

  • How severe the trauma was
  • How prolonged the trauma was
  • What age you are when you start therapy 
  • If you’ve done therapy in your past

Children have a more “neuroplastic mind”, meaning their brains are moldable and heal easier. It is harder for adults to heal from traumatic events from their past.  

Also, healing is complicated by dual diagnoses. Adults with cPTSD may struggle to find a therapy that works for them. Some childhood abuse survivors develop a substance use disorder or eating disorder. However, healing is possible. What happened to you may always leave its fingerprints on your psyche, but with the right treatment, you can learn to parse who you are from the trauma, learn healthy coping mechanisms, reframe your sense of self and the world, and learn healthy emotional regulation skills.

How do you know if you have childhood trauma?

As an adult, childhood trauma can present in many different forms. Some symptoms of childhood trauma to look out for is:

  1. Emotional Distress: Feelings of anxiety, depression, or intense mood swings that seem difficult to manage.
  2. Difficulty Regulating Emotions: Finding it challenging to control emotions, leading to outbursts or feeling overwhelmed by everyday situations.
  3. Low Self-Esteem: Persistent feelings of worthlessness or inadequacy, even when evidence shows otherwise.
  4. Social Withdrawal: Avoiding social interactions, feeling isolated, or struggling to form and maintain relationships.
  5. Hyperarousal or Hypervigilance: Constantly feeling on edge, easily startled, or having difficulty relaxing.
  6. Physical Symptoms: Unexplained aches, pains, or illnesses that may be linked to the psychological impact of childhood trauma.
  7. Difficulty Trusting: Finding it challenging to trust others, including friends, family, or even professional support.
  8. Flashbacks or Nightmares: Repeatedly experiencing distressing memories, nightmares, or flashbacks related to the traumatic events.

Children who are experiencing trauma may respond differently. For example, children experiencing trauma may exhibit these symptoms:

If you suspect that a child is experiencing trauma, it's essential to respond with compassion and support. Here are some common symptoms that may indicate a child is experiencing trauma:

  1. Withdrawal and Isolation: The child may seem uninterested in spending time with others or may isolate themselves from social situations.
  2. Changes in Behavior: The child's behaviors may change significantly; they may become more irritable, aggressive, or act out in unusual ways.
  3. Eating and Sleeping Issues: Trauma can affect a child's eating and sleeping. They may have trouble falling and staying asleep, loss of appetite, or overeating.
  4. Developing Fears: A child going through trauma may develop intense fears or anxieties associated with specific people, situations, or experiences.
  5. Difficulty Concentrating: Trauma can make it challenging for a child to focus, resulting in poor performance in school and other activities.
  6. Physical Symptoms: A child experiencing trauma may experience headaches, stomachaches, and other physical symptoms that aren't linked to an underlying medical condition.
  7. Regression: The child may revert to behaviors seen in earlier developmental stages such as bedwetting, thumb-sucking, or displaying babyish behaviors.
  8. Anxiety and Depression: Trauma can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, sadness, and hopelessness.

Please know that these symptoms are common responses to childhood trauma, and with the right support and care, it is possible to heal and live a brighter life. If you can relate to these symptoms, seek support from a qualified therapist or mental health professional. You deserve to feel heard, understood, and supported as you work through the impact of childhood trauma. Remember, healing and recovery are possible, and professional support can make a meaningful difference in your journey.

Treating Childhood Trauma

Everyone’s journey healing from childhood trauma will be different. Depending on the type, severity, and length of the trauma experienced, you might need a different approach. Most people settle on a combination of methods, to create a holistic approach that works for me. For example, they may see a therapist once a week, undergo EMDR sessions once every other week, and go to a yoga class three times a week. 

Let’s go over some of the most common and helpful forms of childhood trauma therapy for both adults and children. 

Therapy for childhood trauma

Types-of-Therapy-to-Overcome-Childhood-Trauma

Healing or overcoming childhood trauma is not only about making certain lifestyle changes and practicing self-care methods, it's also about seeking professional support from a licensed trauma therapist who can understand you and your needs. There are several types of therapeutic approaches that can be effective in helping individuals overcome childhood trauma. Here are some examples:

  • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): EMDR therapy technique that involves recalling traumatic memories while following a therapist's hand movements or other external stimuli. This can help the brain reprocess traumatic memories in a more adaptive way.
  • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Dialectical Behavior Therapy focuses on helping individuals regulate their emotions and improve interpersonal relationships. It can be particularly helpful for individuals who have experienced childhood trauma and struggle with emotional dysregulation.
  • Narrative Therapy: Narrative therapy involves helping individuals reframe their traumatic experiences in a more positive light. This can involve exploring alternative perspectives and focusing on strengths and resiliency.
  • Play Therapy: Play therapy is a type of therapy that uses play and other creative activities to help children process traumatic experiences in a non-threatening and age-appropriate way.
  • Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT): TF-CBT is a specialized form of CBT that focuses specifically on addressing childhood trauma. It involves helping individuals develop coping strategies for dealing with trauma-related symptoms, such as nightmares or flashbacks.

It's important to note that not all therapeutic approaches may be effective for every individual, and finding the right approach may require some trial and error. Working with a trained mental health professional can help you identify which approach is best suited for your individual needs and goals.

Coping Mechanisms

Healing from childhood trauma is a process that takes time, patience, and support. If you've experienced childhood trauma you would know that more than anyone else. However, now that your journey toward overcoming these challenges has begun here are a few steps you can take to begin the childhood trauma healing process:

  • Seek Professional Help: It's important to work with a mental health professional who specializes in trauma therapy. A trauma therapist can help you process your emotions, identify negative thought patterns, and develop coping strategies for dealing with triggers by providing you with an individualized treatment plan.
  • Practice Self-Care: Take care of yourself by eating healthily, getting enough sleep, and exercising regularly. These activities can help you feel more in control of your emotions and improve your overall well-being. It may seem like a small step, but it’s foundational to the healing journey. 
  • Build a Support System: Surround yourself with supportive friends and family members who can provide encouragement and validation. Having a strong support system can help you feel less alone and more empowered.
  • Identify Triggers: Identify the situations, people, or places that trigger emotional distress and work to avoid or manage them. This may involve setting boundaries or developing coping strategies for dealing with triggers when they arise.
  • Practice Mindfulness: Mindfulness techniques such as meditation, breathing exercises, or yoga can help you stay present in the moment and reduce feelings of anxiety or stress.
  • Process Emotions: Allow yourself to feel the emotions associated with the trauma. This may involve talking to a trusted friend, participating in a support group, or seeking professional help.
  • Practice Forgiveness: Forgiving yourself can be an important part of the healing process. The trauma you endured was not your fault, and there was nothing you could have done better. You lived through something no child should; that was not your fault. 

Remember that healing from childhood trauma is a journey and may not be a linear process. Be patient and kind to yourself as you work through the healing process. With the right support and resources, it is possible to move forward and live a fulfilling life despite past trauma.

How to help children who have experienced childhood trauma?

If you think or know a child is experiencing trauma, it can be hard to know what to do. Here are some ways you can help children who have or are experiencing trauma:

  • Alert authorities: Make a report to the local Department of Human Services (DHS) in your state. Most DHS websites will have a form to file. 
  • Alert other trusted adults: It can help to let the child’s teachers, daycare, coaches, or mentors know what you suspect is happening, so they can be a support system for the child as well.
  • Be a safe space: Work to become a safe space for the child. Studies show that having a positive adult role model can reduce the impacts of trauma. 
  • Believe them: If they say they need help, don’t want to go home, or tell you what is happening to them, believe them and report it to the necessary authorities. 

Childhood trauma can have a lasting impact on a person's life, but effective therapeutic approaches are available to help overcome the effects of trauma. Seeking professional help from a qualified mental health professional who specializes in trauma therapy is essential. Healing from trauma is a journey that requires time, patience, and self-compassion. With the right tools and support, it is possible to move forward and live a fulfilling life despite past trauma. At Lifebulb, we specialize in trauma therapy and offer compassionate care to help you heal and thrive. Contact us today to learn more about our services.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Childhood trauma refers to any distressing or disturbing event experienced during childhood that overwhelms a child's ability to cope. Examples of childhood trauma can include physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, neglect, exposure to violence, natural disasters, or the loss of a loved one. These experiences can have long-lasting effects on a child's emotional, psychological, and social well-being

Common symptoms of childhood trauma can manifest in various ways, including emotional distress, difficulty regulating emotions, low self-esteem, social withdrawal, hyperarousal or hypervigilance, physical symptoms, difficulty trusting, and experiencing flashbacks or nightmares related to the traumatic events.

Yes, childhood trauma can significantly impact mental health in adulthood. It can contribute to an increased risk of developing mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse, and other behavioral health issues.

Several therapeutic approaches have been found to be effective in treating childhood trauma, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Play Therapy, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). Each therapy aims to address the impact of trauma, provide coping strategies, and promote healing in a safe and supportive environment.

While the impact of childhood trauma can be profound, it is possible to achieve significant recovery and lead a fulfilling life. With the right support, including therapy, a strong support network, and healthy coping strategies, individuals can experience substantial healing and growth.

Childhood trauma can stem from various sources, including abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, violence in the community, medical trauma, accidents, natural disasters, and other overwhelming experiences that disrupt a child's sense of safety and security.

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